Value Added Tax, or VAT as it is usually called, was introduced in the UK in 1973 as a tax in common across the European Union (EU) countries. It is

When e-commerce began its meteoric rise in the late 1990s, the security systems of major banks and card providers were unable to keep pace. Initially this led to a sort

The idea that an unqualified person can do their bookkeeping may appear odd, but people do it. The main reason they do it is to try and economise, because a

The terms ‘debtor’ and ‘creditor’ refer to key entities within the field of bookkeeping. It is important that both accountants beginning to establish their professional career and students interested in

This explanation about PayPal is one of the subjects IAB students need to be aware of and is taken from the IAB Study Text (which is given free to all

Bookkeeping is an important aspect for any business both big and small. Developing skills in bookkeeping enhances job prospects for individuals. Bookkeeping involves systematic and comprehensive recording of a company’s

The International Association of Bookkeepers (IAB) explains in its Study Text (which all IAB students receive on registering for an IAB qualification) the difference between bookkeeper and accountant: The term

The main reason why bookkeeping is such a lucrative career is because every business, no matter how big or small, needs to have a bookkeeper to ensure their finances are

There has never been a better time to join the finance profession: demand is growing, salaries are increasing and career opportunities are many and varied. Financial expertise is vital to

Introduction Even though Competency Based Training (CBT) is a concept that has been around for decades, it has only recently gained mainstream attention for both its effectiveness and ability to

Every teacher must believe and understand that all their learners ought to acquire equal hopes, education and future aspirations from their learning. On the other hand, the teacher must know

Improving on your teaching skills can be quite rewarding. It can help you keep your students’ attention, keep them receptive, interactive and engaged. You magically transform a dull topic into

By basing their judgment on objective techniques and adding a little imagination by means of their own intuition, researchers are often able to create a series of alternative future scenarios.

PRINCE2 (Projects IN Controlled Environments) is a structured project management method based on experience drawn from thousands of projects and from the contributions of countless project sponsors, Project Managers, project

An organisation’s strategy is based on what its managers intend to be the direction in which the organisation should proceed, although subsequent actions at the operational level can cause the

Kodak’ was a leading brand for over a hundred years. Its descent into Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2012 represented a strategic failure to reinvent itself and a missed opportunity to

If you are studying through iQualify UK for an ABE qualification then you have free access to a database of academic journals on business topics. This is a great way

If there is one article which every aspiring professional marketer should read it is ‘Marketing myopia’ by Theodore Levitt. It was written in 1960, but the fundamental point has withstood

Each employee is different from the other, by virtue of their qualifications, experience, knowledge, professional expertise, expectations, and last but not the least, their motivation. It is true that a

Any organisation, be it big or small normally operates in a dynamic environment. This environment is made of up of numerous factors which may or may not be good for

Let’s begin with the basics. Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, is the deliberation of social concerns and public interests in vital business decision-making. Each corporate is responsible for the impact of

As defined by Stephen Covey, “Effective leadership is putting first things first” while “effective management is discipline, carrying it out”. This offers a brief glimpse on how leadership is different

Any organisation can have serious problems due to a communication gap. These gaps are formed by specific barriers which are thus the major causes of unsuccessful business communication. Exchange of

The world is evolving, and with it trade and businesses are undergoing a huge changes. Goods and services from any country are easily available all over the world, and while

“Corporate governance” defines the practices, processes, and structures through which an organisation manages its business. An organisation, through corporate governance, works to accomplish its operational, fiscal and strategic objectives while

Non-verbal communication does not require the use of words. Although one may consider verbal communication as a more important way of communicating thoughts and ideas, it is, in fact, the

Simple bread and butter with which we eat each day, actually gets to us through several processes. In this instance, bread begins its journey with the farmer who sows the

Along with the areas of progress in the global business environment, there has also been a rise in a multitude of ethical issues. Today, with growing awareness and complex business

“If you don’t build your dreams, someone will hire you to help build theirs”– Tony Allen Gaskins, Jr. Self-employment is attractive as it empowers you and helps you build on

When an individual or a group of individuals team up to achieve certain goals which are commercial in nature we consider them to be a business organisation. The business organisation

To understand learning organisation and to be able to define it is by any measure, a challenging pursuit. First, there are no agreed upon definition of this concept, the term

We live in a dynamic world where information and knowledge rule. Every move of a business should be a combination accurate decision making based on intensive research. This is especially

Skills are indispensable. In order to secure employment, skills are as important as your degrees. They are the distinguishing factors that make you employable. There is intense competition in the

Good corporate governance is about maximizing shareholders value on a sustainable basis while ensuring fairness to all the stakeholders: customers, vendors-partners, investors, employees, government and society’ – Narayana Moorthy. The corporate

Considering the extremely competitive job market, and lack of skilled resources, it is imperative to display the right skills that an employer seeks. Skills do not refer to your academic/technical

The world of business is full of uncertainty and chaos, and the only way a start-up can change that is by innovating. Continuous innovation, challenging set norms and optimisation of

Small and medium enterprises, or what in the popular parlance are called SMEs, has long been accepted as the engines of economic growth and development. The impact of SMEs in

As soon as you are set to begin a new venture, you must consider how each decision will affect the growth of your business. The first decision that you must

Different types, size and scope of organisations: Differences between for profit and not for profit and non-government organisations (NGOs) Micro, small, medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Different business purposes, objectives and supply

The global economy is steadily integrating. This is leading to globalisation of various national economies. Some of the effects of globalisation on business can be seen in for example the

Every new business venture begins with a lot of passion, hard work and most importantly, a plan. Whether it is a start-up or an established business, a business plan ensures

Imagine walking through an aisle at a superstore looking for your favourite brand of coffee. You might come across a variety of coffee brands with attractive packaging. You raise your

1.0 Introduction There is complexity and uncertainty involved in formulating, developing and implementing an organisation’s strategy. The strategy can be developed following prescriptive/deliberate approach and/or emergent approach. In this article,

1.0 Introduction Supply chain management can improve financial performance; lead to satisfied customers; reduce delivery times; and build trust, confidence and commitment among suppliers. However, integrating supply chains to achieve

1.0 Introduction Supply chain management can improve financial performance; lead to satisfied customers; reduce delivery times; and build trust, confidence and commitment among suppliers. However, integrating supply chains to achieve

1.0 Introduction Today’s business environment is highly competitive, challenging and complex, a reason why every firm has to focus on defeating competition, and attracting and retaining customers. This requires having

1.0 Introduction Globalisation, uncertainty and turbulence in the global environment has increased complexity of making strategic decisions and choices. This has in turn made firms face intense competition from domestic

1.0 Introduction There is continued integration and internationalisation of production processes and capital markets, and flow of resources, cultures, goods and services among different nations: several things are getting globalised.

1.0 Introduction The global business environment is characterised by dynamism and uncertainty due to turbulence which brings complexity in strategy development and making strategic decisions. This makes economic activities influenced

1.0 Introduction With intense competition in the current competitive environment, firms are looking for ways in which they can market their products and services globally. This has given way to

People usually interchange leadership with management and leader with manager in their conversations. However, these are distinct concepts especially when we consider the roles and behaviour expected of a leader

People usually interchange leadership with management and leader with manager in their conversations. However, these are distinct concepts especially when we consider the roles and behaviour expected of a leader

1.0 Introduction There has been increased removal of barriers to trade across national borders. This is to enable increased integration of production processes and capital markets, and flow of financial

Managers are faced with the challenge to maintain stability and achieve some level of predictability. This seeks to resist change as much as possible. However, change is now the only

Nowadays, there is turbulence in business environments due to globalisation and increasingly rapid advances in technology. Change is the only thing that managers and leaders know with certainty that it

Organisations and their leaders and managers are operating in a complex environment in which globalisation and technological advancement are bringing uncertainty and turbulence. This has increased competitive rivalry among organisations